There are over 8,500 different species of birds on the Earth.
Canadian Tree Guide
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Buckthorn
cascaraRhamnus purshiana DC.
Cascara is a small (<13 m) tree, and is often found on poorer sites as a shrub. First Peoples boiled the bark and used it as a laxative. Biochemists later found that the bark contained hydroxymethyl-anthraquinones as the active ingredients in the laxative.
Tree Guide
